Which learning disorder primarily affects reading, writing, and spelling skills?

Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder characterized by difficulties in reading, which may include challenges with phonological processing, decoding, and word recognition. These difficulties can adversely affect a person's ability to read fluently and comprehend text. In addition to reading challenges, individuals with dyslexia often struggle with related areas such as writing and spelling. This is due to the way dyslexia impacts the ability to connect sounds with letters and the overall processing of written language.

The other options represent different learning challenges. For example, dyscalculia relates to difficulties in understanding numbers and mathematical concepts. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects attention and impulse control, which can impact learning indirectly but does not specifically target reading and writing skills. Dysgraphia, on the other hand, primarily concerns difficulties with handwriting and fine motor skills, rather than reading or spelling. Thus, dyslexia is the most fitting choice in this context, as it directly addresses the impairment in reading, writing, and spelling.