Which term describes students who speak a different language at home and may struggle with English in school?

The term that best describes students who speak a different language at home and may struggle with English in school is "Language Minority Students." This term specifically refers to those students whose primary language is not English, thereby placing them in a minority language category within the educational system. These students often face unique challenges as they navigate both their home language and the academic language of instruction, which can impact their learning experiences and outcomes in school.

In educational settings, acknowledging the specific needs of language minority students is vital for designing effective supports and interventions that promote their academic success. This recognition allows educators to implement tailored instructional strategies that encourage language development and learning for these students, ultimately leading to a more inclusive classroom environment.

While English as a Second Language (ESL) refers to a program or instruction designed to help non-native speakers learn English, it does not encompass the broader demographic and situational context of these students. Structured English Immersion and Dual Language Programs focus on specific instructional approaches rather than identifying the students themselves. Hence, "Language Minority Students" accurately captures the identity of these learners in educational research and practice.