Which term describes the neurological differences associated with conditions like autism or ADHD?

The term that best describes the neurological differences associated with conditions like autism or ADHD is neurodivergence. Neurodivergence refers to the variation in the brain's development and function, which often leads to the diversity of cognition, behavior, and sensory processing seen in individuals with these conditions. It emphasizes that these differences are natural variations of the human brain rather than deficits or disorders that need to be cured.

Neurodiversity, while related, focuses more on the acceptance and celebration of neurological differences within society as a whole. It promotes the idea that neurological variations should be recognized and valued rather than pathologized. In contrast, neurodivergence addresses the specific conditions and forms of neurological differences, making it the more precise term in this context.

Speech disorders and language disorders refer specifically to problems with communication abilities, which do not encompass the broader neurological differences associated with conditions like autism or ADHD. These terms focus on the production and comprehension of spoken language, rather than the underlying brain function and cognitive differences characteristic of neurodivergent individuals.